urine test

Type of Urine Specimen
During the course of 24 hours, the competition and concentration of urine changes conditional continuously. Urine concentration varies according to water intake and pretest activities. To obtain a specimen that is truly representative of a patient’s metabolic state, it is often necessary to regulate certain aspects of specimen collection, such as time of collection, length of collection period, patient’s dietary and medical intake, and method of collection. It is important ton instruct patients when special collection procedures must be followed.
Urinalysis
Urinalysis is one of the most frequently ordered test. The result of UA are used to diagnose, treat, and provide follow-up for a variety of condition, especially urinary tract infections. In general, UA is obtained for a symptoms of irritation, burning, pain change in frequency of urination or change appearance of the urine.
UA is an essential procedure for patients undergoing hospital admission or physical examination. it is a useful indicator of a healthy or diseased state and has remained an integral part of the patient examination. two unique characteristics of urine specimens can account for this continued popularity:
1. urine is a readily available and easily collected specimen.
2.urine contains information about many of the body's major metabolic functions, and this information can be obtained by simple laboratory test.
These characteristics fit in well with the current trends toward preventive medicine and lower medical costs. by offering inexpensive way to test large numbers of people, not only for renal disease but also for asymptomatic beginnings of conditions such as diabetes mellitus and liver disease, the UA can be a  valuable metabolic screening procedure.
Should it be necessary to determine whether a particular fluid is actually urine, the specimen can be tested for its urea and creatinine content. Inasmuch as both of these substances are present in much higer concentrations in urine than in other body fluids,the demonstration of a high urea and creatinine content can identify a fluid as urine